ASEAN’s Dual Supply Chain Strategy Has a Hidden Compliance Cost
In 2019, the global trading system imposed 55 discriminatory trade policies on companies operating inside it. By 2024, that figure was 2,752. ASEAN companies maintaining dual supply chain exposure – selling to US-aligned and Chinese-aligned customers simultaneously – must satisfy every applicable rule set on both sides at once. The trade data calls this a structural advantage. The compliance bill is a different number entirely.















































